How To Use Adjective :Degree Of Comparison

 

Adjective

Adjective says something more about a noun. An adjective can take an adverb of degree (intensifier) like too/very. It has comparative and superlative forms as well. Adjectives in English are not affected by number or gender or case because they do not have to agree with the noun they modify.

 Degrees of Comparison 

A significant formal feature of attributive adjectives is that they can be graded. This is known as degrees of comparison.. There are three degrees of comparison:

i) positive          ii) comparative          iii) Superlative 

  bold                       bolder                           boldest
  sweet                     sweeter                         sweetest
   long                      longer                          longest

Positive degree 

 It is used in sentence as follows-
1) he is bold.
2)she is tall.
3)she is beautiful.

Comparative degree

 i) An adjective in comparative degree is normally followed by than.
1. Tom is taller than John.
 2. She is older than him.
3. This picture is more beautiful than that one. 

 Superlative degree 

This construction is used to compare more than two people or things:
 1. This is the best offer of all.
 2 This is the oldest church in India.
 3 Everest is the highest peak on earth. 

Positive - Big Fat Hot Sad Glads Silm thin  comparative - bigger fatter .

English Language Practice Set: Adjectives

Target Exams: CTET, UPTET, KVS, REET

Topic: Adjectives (Types, Degrees, and Usage)

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Section A: Identification of Adjectives

Directions: Identify the part of speech of the underlined word or the type of adjective used.

1. "The little milk in the pot was used for tea." The underlined word is an:

   a) Adjective of Number

   b) Adjective of Quantity

   c) Demonstrative Adjective

   d) Distributive Adjective

2. "Each boy was given a prize." The word 'Each' is a/an:

   a) Interrogative Adjective

   b) Proper Adjective

   c) Distributive Adjective

   d) Quality Adjective

3. "He is a Japanese artist." The underlined word is a:

   a) Proper Adjective

   b) Qualitative Adjective

   c) Possessive Adjective

   d) Quantitative Adjective

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Section B: Degrees of Comparison

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct degree of the adjective provided in the options.

4. "Prevention is __________ than cure." a) Good

   b) Best

   c) Better

   d) More good

5. "This is the __________ case of the two." a) more complicated

   b) most complicated

   c) complicated

   d) complicatedly

6. "Of the three brothers, Ram is the __________." a) taller

   b) tallest

   c) tall

   d) more tall

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Section C: Correct Usage & Rules

Directions: Select the grammatically correct sentence or fill in the blank based on specific adjective rules.

7. "He is senior _______ me by five years." a) than

   b) to

   c) from

   d) with

8. "Choose the correct sentence:" a) I have a small round black leather bag.

   b) I have a leather black small round bag.

   c) I have a black leather round small bag.

   d) I have a round small black leather bag.

9. "There isn't _______ sugar in the jar." a) many

   b) some

   c) any

   d) few

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Section D: Answer Key & Explanations

Q. No	Answer	Explanation
1	b	'Milk' is uncountable; hence 'little' is an Adjective of Quantity.
2	c	'Each' refers to members of a group individually, making it Distributive.
3	a	Derived from the proper noun 'Japan'.
4	c	'Than' indicates a comparison between two; use Comparative degree.
5	a	When comparing exactly two things, use 'more' (Comparative).
6	b	'Three' brothers requires the Superlative degree.
7	b	Words like Senior, Junior, Superior always take 'to'.
8	a	Follows OSASCOMP order: Size (small) → Shape (round) → Color (black) → Material (leather).
9	c	'Any' is used in negative sentences; 'Some' is used in affirmative.

In the UPTET (Uttar Pradesh Teacher Eligibility Test) exam, the English section frequently tests your understanding of adjectives through specific patterns.

1. Identifying the Type of Adjective

You will be given a sentence and asked to identify the specific category of the underlined adjective.

• Example: "A live ass is better than a dead lion."

• Question Type: Identify the type of adjective.

• Categories to Focus On: * Descriptive/Quality: (e.g., brave, beautiful, large)

  • Quantitative: (e.g., some, much, little)

  • Numeral: (e.g., five, second, many)

  • Demonstrative: (e.g., this, that, these, those)

  • Possessive: (e.g., my, our, your)

2. Degrees of Comparison

Questions often test the three forms: Positive, Comparative, and Superlative.

• Typical Question: "It was becoming ________ day by day in Delhi." (Options: cold, colder, coldest, very colder)

• Rule Alert: Comparative forms (-er or more) are used for two things, while Superlative (-est or most) are used for three or more.

• Specific UPTET Tip: Watch for adjectives like Junior, Senior, Superior, Inferior, Prior. In UPTET, these are followed by 'to' instead of 'than' (e.g., "He is senior to me," NOT "than me").

3. Order of Adjectives

When multiple adjectives describe a single noun, they must follow a specific sequence (Quantity → Opinion → Size → Age → Shape → Color → Origin → Material → Purpose).

• Example: "I bought a beautiful small green Indian vase."

• UPTET Format: Rearrange the words to form a grammatically correct sentence.

4. Adjective vs. Adverb Identification

UPTET frequently asks you to identify the "Part of Speech" of a word in a sentence. You must distinguish if a word is qualifying a noun (Adjective) or a verb/adjective (Adverb).

• Example: "The fast runner ran fast."

  • The first 'fast' is an Adjective (describing the runner).

  • The second 'fast' is an Adverb (describing how he ran).

5. Identification of Adjective Clauses

A slightly more advanced question type involves finding a group of words acting as an adjective.

• Example: "I bought a chain which was beautiful."

• Question: Identify the adjective clause in the sentence.

All You Need to Know about Pronoun

 Pronoun

 Pro means 'for' or 'acting as.'
 A pronoun is used as a substitute for a noun or a noun phrase. In other words, it has all the characteristics of a noun: it can function as a subject/object/complement in a sentence.
 A pronoun is used to avoid the repetition of nouns or noun phrases:
1. Seema  went to the market because seema wanted to buy a pen. i.e. Suresh went to the market because he wanted to buy a pen.
 2. Walking  a form of exercise. Walking is easier than swimming. i.e. Walking is a form of exercise. It is easier than swimming.

Kinds of Pronouns 

There are nine kinds of pronouns:
i) Personal Pronouns
ii) Possessive Pronouns
 iv) Demonstrative Pronouns
v) Reflective Pronouns
 vii) Relative Pronouns
viii) Interrogative Pronouns
 ix) Indefinite Pronouns

Personal pronouns 

I, we, you, he, she, it, they
 These seven pronouns are called personal pronouns. On the basis of their role in a speech act,
these can be divided into three:
First Person, Second Person, Third Person

 Possessive pronouns 

my, our, your, his, her, their, its (determiners)
 mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its (predicative use)
 They are used to express ownership/possession/relationship.
Determiners are followed by a noun. This is my room.
 The possessive pronoun in its predicative use cannot be followed by a noun.
We don't say: This is mine room.
We say: The room is mine.

  

 Reciprocal pronouns 

each other, one another 

These are used to express mutual/reciprocal relationship: They love each other/one another.

 Like any other pronoun, each other and one another have no intrinsic reference; therefore they have to have an antecedent. But unlike other pronouns, these cannot normally appear as the subject of a main clause because the antecedent should be in the sentence itself. Typically these occur as object of a verb or a preposition in a sentence that has a plural subject. 

1. No two artists approve of each other's works. 

But we cannot say: 2. If there are two children of the same age it is always good to put them in the same class. Each other can help in doing the homework. 

But we can say: The children can help each other in doing the homework. Even though there are enough contextual clues in (2) as to the antecedent of each other the sentence is not possible.

 Note: Traditional grammar makes a distinction between each other and one another. It requires that each other be used of only two people/things and one another of more than two. In current English both are used interchangeably, with a slight preference for each other.  

 Demonstrative pronouns 

this, that, these, those 

They are used to point to (demonstrate) people or things they stand for: 

1. This is our new house.

 2. That is the bridge built by the British

. Demonstrative pronouns have number contrast: this these that those 

The basic function of demonstratives is to indicate the nearness or distance of the person or object referred to, from the speaker. 

 Reflexive pronouns

Form: 

A reflexive pronoun is formed by attaching self/selves to the objective form of the pronoun: myself, ourselves, yourself/selves, himself, herself, themselves, itself 

a) A reflexive pronoun is used as a substitute for a noun in the objective case i.e., as a direct object: Govind saw Govind in the mirror.

Govind saw himself in the mirror. 

This is used to avoid an awkward construction 'Govind ... Govind' . 

Note: .Reflexive means 'bent back', i.e. 'bending the subject back to the subject.' A reflexive pronoun is used when the subject and the object refer to the same person or thing.

 This can be seen from the agreement between the subject and the reflexive object:

 I saw myself in the mirror. 

We dressed ourselves in the kitchen. 

You sent yourself a birthday card. 

They wrote themselves a 'Thank you' note.

 He hurt himself while playing. 

 Relative pronouns 

who, whom, which, what, that A relative pronoun relates or refers back to a noun or pronoun called its antecedent. It also joins clauses. So it is a pronoun as well as a conjunction.

 Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and noun clauses:

 Those who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones.

 I don't know who is standing at the gate.

 Which is used also as a sentence relative pronoun to introduce the relative c in a sentence: They eat snakes, which is unusual. 

 Interrogative pronouns 

Who, whom, whose, which, what 

The forms of relative pronouns and interrogative pronouns are identical, but their functions are different: the former join clauses, the latter ask questions.

 a) Who can come as the subject or as the object in a clause. Here who refers only to persons, not to things: 

Who discovered America? (as subject)

 Who did you invite for lunch? (as object)

 Who are you talking about? (as object of the preposition)  

Indefinite pronouns  

 each, every, all Each refers to two or more people or things, whereas every refers to three or more. Further, each presupposes a set (supplied by the context), every does not.

 Rajeev walked into the room and gave a sweet to everyone (not, each)

At times a definite article can intervene between all and the noun.

 All the girls want to imitate Karen. 

Each of you should attend the function. 

Everyone of them came to see me in hospital. 

English Grammar: Pronoun Practice Set

Target Exams: CTET, UPTET, State TETs

Focus: Case, Agreement, and Relative Pronouns

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Section A: Personal Pronouns & Case

Directions: Choose the correct pronoun case (Subjective/Objective).

1. It was ______ who helped the blind man. (I / me)

2. Between you and ______, he is a liar. (I / me)

3. He is as tall as ______. (I / me)

4. Let ______ go to the market. (he / him)

5. You, he, and ______ must work together. (I / me)

6. Nobody but ______ was present there. (he / him)

7. It is ______ who am to blame. (I / me)

8. They are much richer than ______. (we / us)

9. My brother and ______ went to the mall. (I / me)

10. The teacher scolded John and ______. (I / me)

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Section B: Relative Pronouns

Directions: Fill in the blanks with Who, Whom, Whose, Which, or That.

11. This is the boy ______ won the gold medal.

12. The book ______ you gave me is lost.

13. I met a man ______ leg was broken.

14. This is the girl ______ I met in the park.

15. All ______ glitters is not gold.

16. The horse ______ I bought is very fast.

17. I know the woman ______ son is a doctor.

18. Here is the pen ______ you were looking for.

19. Man is the only animal ______ can talk.

20. He is the same man ______ cheated me.

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Section C: Reflexive & Emphasizing Pronouns

Directions: Identify if the underlined word is Reflexive (R) or Emphasizing (E).

21. I myself did the work. (____)

22. He hurt himself while playing. (____)

23. She herself told me the secret. (____)

24. We enjoyed ourselves at the party. (____)

25. They ruined themselves by gambling. (____)

26. You yourself are responsible for this. (____)

27. The cat washed itself. (____)

28. I myself will go there. (____)

29. He spoke to the Prime Minister himself. (____)

30. We often deceive ourselves. (____)

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Section D: Distributive & Indefinite Pronouns

Directions: Choose the correct pronoun or verb agreement.

31. Each of the girls ______ (has/have) a book.

32. Neither of the two boys ______ (is/are) guilty.

33. None of his four sons ______ (look/looks) after him.

34. Every one of the students ______ (was/were) present.

35. Either of these two roads ______ (lead/leads) to the station.

36. One must love ______ country. (his / one's)

37. Many of them ______ (was/were) injured.

38. Some of the milk ______ (is/are) sour.

39. Does anyone have ______ (his/their) ticket?

40. Everything ______ (has/have) its own beauty.

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Section E: Error Detection (Mixed)

Directions: Identify the part of the sentence that contains an error.

41. (a) Myself and Ram / (b) went to / (c) the cinema. / (d) No error.

42. (a) Each of the / (b) employees were / (c) given a bonus. / (d) No error.

43. (a) Who did / (b) you / (c) invite to dinner? / (d) No error.

44. (a) This is the / (b) best that / (c) I can do. / (d) No error.

45. (a) It is me / (b) who / (c) has done this. / (d) No error.

46. (a) Your's is / (b) the / (c) best car. / (d) No error.

47. (a) I, you and he / (b) are / (c) good friends. / (d) No error.

48. (a) The two sisters / (b) shouted at / (c) one another. / (d) No error.

49. (a) Every student / (b) must bring / (c) their own pen. / (d) No error.

50. (a) Let you and I / (b) solve / (c) this problem. / (d) No error.

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Answer Key & Rule Summary

Range	Answers & Key Rules
1-10	1.I, 2.me, 3.I, 4.him, 5.I, 6.him, 7.I, 8.we, 9.I, 10.me. (Rule: Use Subjective case after 'is/was' and 'as/than'; use Objective case after 'between' and 'let'.)
11-20	11.who, 12.which/that, 13.whose, 14.whom, 15.that, 16.which, 17.whose, 18.which/that, 19.that, 20.that. (Rule: Use that after 'all', 'only', and 'the same'.)
21-30	21.E, 22.R, 23.E, 24.R, 25.R, 26.E, 27.R, 28.E, 29.E, 30.R. (Rule: Reflexive is the object; Emphasizing just adds stress.)
31-40	31.has, 32.is, 33.looks, 34.was, 35.leads, 36.one's, 37.were, 38.is, 39.his, 40.has. (Rule: Each/Either/Neither/One are always singular.)
41-50	41.a (Ram and I), 42.b (was), 43.a (Whom), 44.d, 45.a (It is I), 46.a (Yours), 47.a (You, he and I - 231 rule), 48.c (each other), 49.c (his), 50.a (you and me).

Resources To Help You Become A Better English Speaker

Noun :

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Examples include actor, building, ticket, and honesty.

 A common noun is a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea.

 

A proper noun is the name of a particular one. For example, theater is a common noun; 

Palace Theater is a proper noun. Only proper nouns need to be capitalized. 

A concrete noun names a thing that can seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or touched.

 

An abstract noun names an idea, feeling, quality, or characteristic. For example, script and villain are concrete nouns, while excitement and dishonesty are abstract nouns.

 

A collective noun is a word that names a group of people or things, such as crew.

Let us talk in detail about all its parts-

Proper nouns :

A proper noun is the name of a particular person or thing, i.e. a name used for an individual person or place, river, or mountain 

etc.: Mary, Rahul, Godavari, India, Everest  

 Common nouns 

A common noun refers to any and every person or thing of the same kind or class, not to a particular person or thing: cow, dog, girl, boy, man, woman 

Common nouns       Proper nouns 

girl                            Latha 

dog                            jimmy

man                            sam

 Collective nouns 

A collective noun is the name of a collection, group of people, or things of the same kind: class, team, government jury, federation 

 Material nouns 

A material noun is the name of a material, substance, or ingredient things are made of. They can be articles of food or drink as well: iron, copper, steel, gold, coal, silver, rice, wheat, milk, water, tea, sugar 

Note: A material noun is a type of common noun but a distinction is made between the two. A common noun is usually a countable noun but a material noun is an uncountable noun. The cow gives us milk. Cow is a common noun (countable), but milk is a material noun (uncountable). 

Abstract nouns

 An abstract noun is the name of a quality, state, or concept: beauty, sweetness, childhood, love 

 Nouns: Countability 

Nouns are of two kinds from the viewpoint of countability:

 a) Countable nouns 

 b) Uncountable nouns 

Nouns that can be counted are called countable nouns: 

a book      one book         two books

 an egg      one egg           two eggs

 Generally a noun used in answer to the question how many? is a countable noun: 

  How many films did you watch?    I watched six films. 

 Uncountable nouns Nouns that cannot be counted are called uncountable nouns: 5 milk, water, ink, sugar, butter (not, a milk, one water, two sugar)

 A noun used in answer to the question how much? is an uncountable noun. 

How much milk do you need? We need a litre of milk.

TENSES

TENSES

 tenses are the forms of a verb that show the time of an action. . We study three tenses in English grammar; they are:

1. Present tense – The present tense mainly describes a current event or state of being.

2. Past tense - The past tense mainly used to describe a completed activity that happened in

the past.

3. Future tense – The future tense marks the event described by the verb as not having

happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.

PRESENT TENSE

The present tense is used in English  to tell us about an event that is going on in the

present time. The present tense has further four types. We will see them

one by one.

1. Present Indefinite or Simple Present

The sentence structure for simple present tense is:

Subject ( I, You, We, They ) + V1 ( First Form of Verb ) + Object

We use simple present tense in the following ways:

a) It is used to show a habit.

e.g. He goes to the park every morning at 7.

b) Simple present tense is used to express general truths.

e.g. A magnet attracts iron.

c) Simple present tense is used in exclamatory sentences starting with here and there.

e.g. Here goes the train!

There he comes! Let’s welcome him for coming late to the class.

d) Simple present tense is generally used with fixed timetables and fixed programmes.

e.g. The cricket match, for which you all are excited, starts at 7 pm.

2. Present Continuous tense

The sentence structure for present continuous tense is:

Subject ( I/ You/ We/ They ) + auxillary verb (is/am/are) + Verb+ing + Object

We use present continuous tense in the following ways:

a) It is used to show that an action is going on in that given time.

e.g. Look! Those boys are playing in the damp area of the park.

b) We also use present continuous tense to show a future action that has already been

planned.

e.g. I am going to Manali this month with my family.

c) Though simple present tense is used to show a habit, we also use present continuous

tense to indicate a repeated action despite several warnings.

e.g. My sister is silly. She is making the same mistake again and again.

d) We do not use the following words in present continuous form when used in their usual

meaning. We use simple present tense to use these words in a sentence.

3. Present Perfect Tense

The sentence structure for present prefect tense is:

Subject ( I/ You/ We/ They ) + has/have + V3 (third form of verb) + Object

The present perfect tense is used in the following ways:

a) This tense is used to show that an action is completed in the immediate past. It is used

with the word just.

e.g. She has just left with her friends.

b) This tense is used with the actions of the past whose time is ambiguous or is not

mentioned in the text.

e.g. Have you read The Mahabharata?

I have never seen him in a bad mood.

c) This tense is used when we emphasize more on the outcome (that we experience in

the present) than on the action (that has already happened in the past).

e.g. Rohit has cut his finger accidentally. (and it is bleeding now.)

Himanshu has eaten all the sweets. (and there are not any left for us.)

d) We use present perfect tense to show that an action started in the past is going upto

this moment in the present.

e.g. The couple has lived here for 20 years now.

4. Present perfect continuous tense

The sentence structure for the present perfect continuous tense is:

Subject ( I/ You/ We/ They ) + has/have + been + Verb+ing + Object

The present perfect continuous tense is used in the following ways:

a) We use this tense to show that an action started in the past is continuing in the present

too.

e.g. Neha has been sleeping on the couch for an hour.

b) This tense is used to show an already finished action. We use this tense to answer the

after-result of that action.

e.g. You are drenched in sweat from head to toe. What were you doing? I have been running

PAST TENSE

Past tense is used to show an action or condition that has happened in the past. This tense

has four aspects that talk about to what extent an action has been completed. Past tense

has the following types:

1. Simple past tense

The sentence structure for the simple past tense is:

Subject ( I/ You/ We/ They ) + V2 (second form of verb) + Object

a. This tense is used to point out that an action completed in the past. We use adverbs

of past like yesterday, ago, last week, etc. in such sentences.

e.g. She received the letter of appreciation yesterday only.

b. It is used to depict the old habits.

e.g. Sonal always carried a hat.

2. Past continuous tense

The sentence structure for the past continuous tense is:

Subject ( I/ You/ We/ They ) + was/were + Verb+ing + Object

a. This tense is used to show that an action was going on in the past.

e.g. She was reading novels during her autumn break.

The clause used with the conjunction ‘when’ is in simple past. The sentence of simple past

depicts the action happened later/most recent.

3. Past perfect tense

The sentence structure for the past perfect tense is:

Subject ( I/ You/ We/ They ) + had + V3 (past participle) + Object

a. This tense is used to describe an action that had been completed way before a

particular moment in the past.

e.g. They met Zoravar in Himachal in 2015. They had seen him last four years before.

b. Past perfect tense is used along with simple past tense to show the action happened

first in the series.

e.g. When Virat reached the stadium, the match had already begun.

4. Past perfect continuous tense

The sentence structure for the past perfect continuous tense is:

Subject ( I/ You/ We/ They ) + had + been + Verb+ing + Object

This tense is used to indicate that an action started in the past and continued up to a point in

the past.

e.g. When Simon joined the dance practice, Angelina had been dancing there for 5 years.

FUTURE TENSE

Future tense is used when an action is supposed to occur at a specific time in future. There

are 4 types in future tense:

1. Simple future tense

The sentence structure for the simple future tense is:

Subject ( I/ You/ We/ They ) + will + V1 (first form of verb) + Object

a. This tense is used to indicate the obvious events/things that will happen in the future.

e.g. She is 18 years old. She will be 19 next year.

b. We use this tense to predict what will happen in future.

e.g. I think she will win this time.

Note: We use words/phrases like probably, I think, I believe, I am sure in such sentences.

c. We also use this tense to show an action that we have decided to do in that instant.

e.g. It is raining cats and dogs outside. I will take an umbrella with me.

2. Future Continuous tense

The sentence structure for the future continuous tense is:

Subject ( I/ You/ We/ They ) + will + be + Verb+ing + Object

a. We use this tense to indicate that an action will be in progress in the future. The action

will continue to exist in that point of time.

e.g. At this time tomorrow Latika will be attending the concert.

b. This tense is used to show that an event is planned and is expected to happen in

future.

e.g. My sister will be visiting me during her summer holidays.

3. Future Perfect tense

The sentence structure for the future perfect tense is:

Subject ( I/ You/ We/ They ) + will + have + V3 (past participle) + Object

We use this tense to show that an action will be completed by that certain point of time in the

future.

e.g. By next month I will have shifted to my new place in Bandra

4. Future perfect continuous tense

Though it is not a common tense to use, we use it to show the events which have been

ongoing from a prolonged period but will end in the future.

e.g. Moin will have been working in this office for two years next December.

English Language: Tense Mastery (PYQ Based)

Target Exams: CTET, UPTET, Super TET, MPTET, REET

Focus: Verb Forms, Conditional Sentences, and Time Markers

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Section A: Present Tenses

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct present tense form.

1. The Earth ______ round the Sun. (move / moves / is moving)

2. My father ______ the newspaper every morning. (read / reads / is reading)

3. Look! The bus ______. (comes / is coming / has come)

4. I ______ him for five years. (know / have known / am knowing)

5. She ______ her homework yet. (did not finish / has not finished / is not finishing)

6. It ______ since early morning. (is raining / has been raining / rains)

7. The tea ______ cold; drink it fast. (gets / is getting / has got)

8. Every Sunday, he ______ to the temple. (is going / goes / has gone)

9. "Where is Ravi?" "He ______ in the garden." (plays / is playing / has played)

10. I ______ my lunch just now. (took / have taken / take)

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Section B: Past Tenses

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form.

11. I ______ a movie yesterday. (see / saw / have seen)

12. The train ______ before I reached the station. (left / has left / had left)

13. While I ______ , the lights went out. (was reading / read / had read)

14. He ______ in Delhi for ten years before moving to Agra. (lived / has lived / had been living)

15. When I met him, he ______ for a job. (searches / was searching / had searched)

16. If I ______ a bird, I would fly. (was / were / am)

17. They ______ to the circus last night. (go / went / had gone)

18. I ______ my old friend in the market on Monday. (meet / met / have met)

19. By the time the doctor arrived, the patient ______. (died / has died / had died)

20. I ______ my work when he came. (did / was doing / have done)

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Section C: Future Tenses & Conditionals

Directions: Choose the correct form to complete the sentence.

21. I ______ you as soon as I arrive. (call / will call / called)

22. If it rains, the match ______. (will cancel / will be cancelled / cancels)

23. By next month, we ______ here for a year. (will live / will have been living / are living)

24. I think India ______ the match. (wins / will win / is winning)

25. If you work hard, you ______ the exam. (pass / will pass / passed)

26. This time tomorrow, I ______ on a beach. (will sit / will be sitting / sit)

27. Unless you ______ fast, you will miss the bus. (run / will run / ran)

28. I ______ my assignment by Friday. (will finish / will have finished / finish)

29. If he ______ me, I would have helped him. (asked / had asked / asks)

30. We ______ for the picnic if the weather is fine. (go / will go / went)

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Section D: Error Spotting (Mixed Tenses)

Directions: Identify the part (a, b, c) that contains a grammatical error. If none, mark (d).

31. (a) I have / (b) seen him / (c) yesterday. / (d) No error.

32. (a) She is / (b) knowing / (c) the answer. / (d) No error.

33. (a) If he will come / (b) I will / (c) help him. / (d) No error.

34. (a) I have been / (b) working here / (c) from 2010. / (d) No error.

35. (a) The news / (b) are / (c) true. / (d) No error.

36. (a) He has / (b) gone to school / (c) an hour ago. / (d) No error.

37. (a) We are / (b) playing cricket / (c) for two hours. / (d) No error.

38. (a) He told me / (b) that he / (c) is ill. / (d) No error.

39. (a) I had / (b) finished my work / (c) before he came. / (d) No error.

40. (a) I am / (b) waiting for you / (c) since morning. / (d) No error.

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Section E: Sentence Transformation & Identification

Directions: Identify the tense of the given sentence.

41. "He has been writing a book." (Present Perfect Continuous / Past Perfect)

42. "The sun had set." (Simple Past / Past Perfect)

43. "I shall be going." (Future Continuous / Future Perfect)

44. "She goes to school." (Simple Present / Present Continuous)

45. "They were playing." (Past Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous)

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Answer Key & Explanations

Q.No	Ans	Logic / Rule
1-2	moves/reads	Universal truths and habits always use Simple Present.
4	have known	'Know' is a stative verb; it is rarely used in 'ing' form.
6	has been raining	'Since' indicates the action started in the past and is still continuing.
12	had left	When two past actions happen, the earlier one takes Past Perfect.
16	were	In imaginary/unreal conditions, we use 'were' for all subjects.
21	will call	In time clauses (as soon as/when), we use Simple Present in the clause and Future in the main part.
29	had asked	Third Conditional: If + Past Perfect, would + have + V3.
31	a	'Yesterday' is a past time marker; use 'saw' instead of 'have seen'.
33	a	Never use 'will' in the 'If' clause. Say: "If he comes..."
34	c	Use since for a point of time (2010), not 'from'.
40	a	Replace 'am' with 'have been' because of the time marker 'since