d.el.ed notes pdf

  Adjective Adjective says something more about a noun. An adjective can take an adverb of degree (intensifier) like too/very. It has comparative and superlative forms as well. Adjectives in English are not affected by number or gender or case because they do not have to agree with the noun they modify.  Degrees of Comparison  A significant formal feature of attributive adjectives is that they can be graded. This is known as degrees of comparison .. There are three degrees of comparison: i) positive          ii) comparative          iii) Superlative    bold                       bolder                           boldest   sweet                     sweeter                    ...

 Pronoun  Pro means 'for' or 'acting as.'  A pronoun is used as a substitute for a noun or a noun phrase. In other words, it has all the characteristics of a noun: it can function as a subject/object/complement in a sentence.  A pronoun is used to avoid the repetition of nouns or noun phrases: 1. Seema  went to the market because seema wanted to buy a pen. i.e. Suresh went to the market because he wanted to buy a pen.  2. Walking  a form of exercise. Walking is easier than swimming. i.e. Walking is a form of exercise. It is easier than swimming. Kinds of Pronouns  There are nine kinds of pronouns: i) Personal Pronouns ii) Possessive Pronouns  iv) Demonstrative Pronouns v) Reflective Pronouns  vii) Relative Pronouns viii) Interrogative Pronouns  ix) Indefinite Pronouns Personal pronouns  I, we, you, he, she, it, they  These seven pronouns are called personal pronouns. On the basis of their role in a speech act, these can be...

Noun : A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Examples include actor, building, ticket, and honesty.  A common noun is a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea.   A proper noun is the name of a particular one. For example, theater is a common noun;  Palace Theater is a proper noun. Only proper nouns need to be capitalized.  A concrete noun names a thing that can seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or touched.   An abstract noun names an idea, feeling, quality, or characteristic. For example, script and villain are concrete nouns, while excitement and dishonesty are abstract nouns.   A collective noun is a word that names a group of people or things, such as crew. Let us talk in detail about all its parts- Proper nouns : A proper noun is the name of a particular person or thing, i.e. a name used for an individual person or place, river, or mountain  etc.: Mary, Rahul, Godavari, India, Everest    Common nouns...

TENSES  tenses are the forms of a verb that show the time of an action. . We study three tenses in English grammar ; they are: 1. Present tense – The present tense mainly describes a current event or state of being. 2. Past tense - The past tense mainly used to describe a completed activity that happened in the past. 3. Future tense – The future tense marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future. PRESENT TENSE The present tense is used in English  to tell us about an event that is going on in the present time. The present tense has further four types. We will see them one by one. 1. Present Indefinite or Simple Present The sentence structure for simple present tense is: Subject ( I, You, We, They ) + V1 ( First Form of Verb ) + Object We use simple present tense in the following ways: a) It is used to show a habit. e.g. He goes to the park every morning at 7. b) Simple present tense is used to express general truths....