Active & Passive Voice – Complete Guide for Teaching Exams

 Learn Active and Passive Voice rules with examples and previous year questions for CTET, UPTET, DSSSB, KVS & NVS teaching exams.

What is Voice?

Voice shows whether the subject performs the action or receives the action.

1️⃣ Active Voice

👉 Subject does the action

Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object

Example:
✔️ Ram writes a letter.

2️⃣ Passive Voice

👉 Subject receives the action

Structure:
Object + helping verb + V³ + by + subject

Example:
✔️ A letter is written by Ram.

Tense-wise Rules with Examples

🔹 Present Simple

Active:
✔️ She writes a letter.

Passive:
✔️ A letter is written by her.

🔹 Past Simple

Active:
✔️ He cleaned the room.

Passive:
✔️ The room was cleaned by him.

🔹 Future Simple

Active:
✔️ They will complete the work.

Passive:
✔️ The work will be completed by them.

🔹 Present Continuous

Active:
✔️ She is cooking food.

Passive:
✔️ Food is being cooked by her.

🔹 Past Continuous

Active:
✔️ He was writing a story.

Passive:
✔️ A story was being written by him.

🔹 Present Perfect

Active:
✔️ She has finished the task.

Passive:
✔️ The task has been finished by her.

🔹 Past Perfect

Active:
✔️ They had won the match.

Passive:
✔️ The match had been won by them.

🔹 Future Perfect

Active:
✔️ He will have completed the course.

Passive:
✔️ The course will have been completed by him.

Modal Verbs (Very Important for CTET/DSSSB)

Active Structure

Subject + Modal + V¹ + Object

Passive Structure

Object + Modal + be + V³

Examples:

✔️ She can solve the problem.
➡️ The problem can be solved by her.

✔️ Students must follow rules.
➡️ Rules must be followed by students.

Imperative Sentences (Commands / Requests)

Rule:

Use Let + object + be + V³

Examples:

✔️ Open the door.
➡️ Let the door be opened.

✔️ Do not touch the wire.
➡️ Let the wire not be touched.

Interrogative Sentences

Rule:

Helping verb comes before subject

Example:

✔️ Did she write a letter?
➡️ Was a letter written by her?

✔️ Is he reading a book?
➡️ Is a book being read by him?

Sentences with Two Objects

Active:
✔️ He gave me a book.

Two Passive Forms:

✔️ I was given a book by him.
✔️ A book was given to me by him. ✅ (more common)

When BY is NOT Used

❌ By is removed when subject is:

  • people

  • someone

  • somebody

  • everyone

Example:
✔️ Someone stole my bag.
➡️ My bag was stolen.

Verbs that Cannot Be Changed into Passive

❌ Intransitive verbs (no object)

Examples:

  • sleep

  • laugh

  • cry

  • arrive

  • die

✔️ He slept early. ❌ No passive possible

CTET PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Q1. (CTET 2021)

Choose the correct passive voice:
She writes a letter.

A. A letter was written by her
B. A letter is written by her
C. A letter has written by her
D. A letter is being written by her

✅ Answer: B
👉 Present simple → is/am/are + V³

Q2. (CTET 2020)

The work has been completed by him.
Choose the active voice.

A. He completes the work
B. He completed the work
C. He has completed the work
D. He had completed the work

✅ Answer: C

Q3. (CTET 2019)

Choose the correct passive form:
They are watching a movie.

A. A movie is watched
B. A movie is being watched by them
C. A movie was being watched
D. A movie has been watched

✅ Answer: B

📕 UPTET PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Q4. (UPTET 2022)

Select the passive voice:
The teacher taught the lesson.

A. The lesson is taught
B. The lesson was taught by the teacher
C. The lesson has taught
D. The lesson had taught

✅ Answer: B

Q5. (UPTET 2021)

Change into passive voice:
He will finish the work.

A. The work will be finished by him
B. The work is finished by him
C. The work has been finished
D. The work will have finished

✅ Answer: A

📗 DSSSB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Q6. (DSSSB TGT 2022)

Choose the correct passive voice:
She can solve the problem.

A. The problem is solved by her
B. The problem can be solved by her
C. The problem was solved by her
D. The problem has been solved by her

✅ Answer: B
👉 Modal + be + V³

Q7. (DSSSB PRT 2021)

Identify the passive sentence:

A. The boy is flying a kite
B. A kite is being flown by the boy
C. The boy flew a kite
D. The boy has flown a kite

✅ Answer: B

📙 KVS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Q8. (KVS 2020)

Change the voice:
Open the door.

A. The door was opened
B. The door is opened
C. Let the door be opened
D. Let open the door

✅ Answer: C
👉 Imperative → Let + object + be + V³

Q9. (KVS 2019)

Choose the correct passive:
The students are writing the exam.

A. The exam is written
B. The exam is being written by the students
C. The exam has written
D. The exam was written

✅ Answer: B

📘 NVS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

Q10. (NVS 2022)

Change into passive voice:
Someone stole my bag.

A. My bag was stolen by someone
B. My bag is stolen
C. My bag was stolen
D. My bag has stolen

✅ Answer: C
👉 “Someone” removed in passive

Q11. (NVS 2021)

Choose the active voice:
The match was won by our team.

A. Our team wins the match
B. Our team won the match
C. Our team has won the match
D. Our team had won the match

✅ Answer: B

🧠 MIXED REPEATED QUESTIONS (VERY IMPORTANT)

Q12.

Which sentence cannot be changed into passive?

A. She sang a song
B. He laughed loudly
C. The boy broke the glass
D. She wrote a letter

✅ Answer: B
👉 Intransitive verb

Q13.

Choose the correct passive voice:
They had completed the work.

A. The work had completed
B. The work was completed
C. The work had been completed
D. The work has been completed

✅ Answer: C

🎯 EXAM TIPS (FINAL REVISION)

✔️ Verb always in V³
✔️ Tense never changes
✔️ Modal → modal + be + V³
✔️ Imperative → Let + object + be + V³
✔️ Intransitive verbs → no passive



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